Programmed I/O Programmed I/O (PIO) refers to data transfers initiated by a CPU under driver software control to access registers or memory on a device. The CPU issues a command then waits for I/O operations to be complete. As the CPU is faster than the I/O module, the problem with programmed I/O is that the Read More …
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) provides connectionless services for application-level procedures. UDP is an unreliable service; delivery and duplicate protection are not guaranteed. This does reduce the overhead of the protocol and may be adequate in many cases. Connectionless service is more robust. UDP sits on top of IP. UDP header includes a source port (16 Read More …
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a network protocol, which maps a network layer protocol address to a data link layer hardware address. For example, ARP is used to resolve IP address to the corresponding Ethernet address. ARP belongs to the OSI data link layer (Layer 2). ARP protocol is implemented by the network protocol Read More …
